Senior Researcher. Professor and Associate Professor: are these academic titles or positions in the university? Deferral for graduate students from military service
Degrees awarded in different countries vary significantly in title, qualification requirements, awarding and / or approval procedures.
Academic titles
Academic titles are currently divided into the titles of associate professor or professor in the specialty and associate professor or professor in the department. The first ones are assigned by the Higher Attestation Commission, the second - by the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia (for more details see "Regulations on the procedure for conferring academic degrees"). The academic title of senior researcher is currently not awarded in the Russian Federation; it is equated to the title of associate professor in the specialty. Previously (as well as now in Ukraine and in some other post-Soviet states) the title of senior researcher was assigned to employees of research institutes, and the qualification requirements for applicants for this title did not include teaching work in universities, in contrast to the title of associate professor.
The academic titles of Corresponding Member and Academician are officially recognized only if their holders are members of one of 6 state academies:
- Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (RAMS),
- Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences (RAAS),
- Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (RAASN),
Previous degrees and titles
Position of Bachelor's and Master's Degrees in Russia
Before the implementation of the Bologna Recommendations, bachelor's and master's degrees in Russia do not refer to academic degrees, but to the qualifications of graduates of educational institutions of higher professional education. By their status, holders of bachelor's degrees are classified as persons with higher professional education of the second level, which, in turn, is considered lower higher education the third level, which includes a master's degree and a graduate qualification.
Thus, both from a legal and practical point of view, the status and position of holders of the qualifications of a graduate specialist and an academic master's degree are completely analogous and equivalent in modern Russia, that is, they give the same rights to their holders to perform professional (including scientific and teaching (including in higher educational institutions)) activities in accordance with education and qualifications, as well as equal rights of admission to postgraduate education (postgraduate studies).
Nevertheless, in spite of the above, there are still cases of admission of certified specialists to the magistracy (as a rule, on a paid basis, since obtaining a higher education of a certain level on a free basis is possible only once), which, however, should not be considered as a continuation education at a higher level, but rather as a hidden form of obtaining a second higher education (obtaining a master's degree in a specialty / direction somewhat different from a specialist diploma), professional retraining or advanced training (similarly), as well as raising the status of education (for example, the case of admission to the master's program of a leading university of a certified specialist - a graduate of a lesser-known university).
Nomenclature of academic degrees
Depending on the specialty in which the thesis is defended, the applicant is awarded one of the following academic degrees. Below is the nomenclature of PhDs; the nomenclature of candidates of sciences repeats it completely.
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Honorary degree
An honorary doctorate degree (Honor Doctor or Honor degree or Doctor honoris causa) is issued by universities, academies or the Ministry of Education without taking a course and without taking into account the mandatory requirements (for publications, defense, etc.), but who have achieved great success in business and who have become famous in any field of knowledge (artists, law, religious figures, businessmen, writers and poets, artists, etc.). Such people are involved in teaching and lecturing in the best universities in many countries of the world. An honorary doctorate diploma is not awarded in medicine.
An honorary degree can be awarded and removed.
Non-governmental organizations
Religious organizations can award degrees of candidate (doctor) of theological sciences (or theology), confer the titles of professor and associate professor, etc. Other non-governmental organizations can also confer various degrees and titles, up to academician (see. Non-state academies). However, all these degrees and titles are not legally such in Russia and do not give their holders the rights provided for by laws. Russian Federation... Currently, there is a discussion about the possibility of transferring the scientific and qualification powers of the Higher Attestation Commission to the academic councils of universities and research institutes (including non-state ones), as is done in many Western countries. Opponents of such a transfer express an opinion about the inevitable devaluation of the system of academic degrees and titles as a result of the loss of state control over the certification of scientific and scientific-pedagogical personnel.
Notes (edit)
Related links
- Website of the Higher Attestation Commission of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation
| Qualifications in education and science | |
|---|---|
| University graduates | Bachelor Specialist Master Master License |
| Academic degrees | PhD Doctor of Science Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) |
| Academic titles | Associate Professor Professor |
| Academic titles | Corresponding Member Academician |
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See what "Academic title" is in other dictionaries:
Awarded to university teachers and researchers (usually with advanced degrees), depending on the scientific qualifications and the complexity of the research problems being solved. In the Russian Federation, the academic titles of professor, associate professor, ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
SCIENTIFIC TITLE- the official title assigned to teachers of educational institutions of higher professional education (universities) and researchers in accordance with the pedagogical and scientific research work performed (professor, associate professor, ... ... Professional education. Dictionary
SCIENTIFIC TITLE- - qualification of scientific and pedagogical workers, the form of their certification. Academic titles have been established in Russia: Professor, Associate Professor, Senior Lecturer, Assistant, Senior and Junior Research Fellow ... Modern educational process: basic concepts and terms
rank- TITLE, I, cf. Title, name officially assigned to a com., Determined by the degree of merit, professional qualifications, official position. Academic title of professor. I am a minister, this is much more than you, perhaps, think, but in my ... Explanatory dictionary of Russian nouns
Academic title- Academic title ACADEMIC TITLE, assigned to university teachers and researchers (usually with academic degrees), depending on the scientific qualifications and the complexity of the creative tasks to be solved. By academic title, positions are also called in ... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary
Awarded to university professors and researchers (usually with advanced degrees), depending on the scientific qualifications and the complexity of the research problems being solved. * * * ACADEMIC TITLE ACADEMIC TITLE, assigned to university professors and ... encyclopedic Dictionary
The terms " academic degree"And" academic title "associated with people who are engaged in scientific professional activities. Most often these are teachers at universities, institutes, technical schools.
Types of degrees
An academic degree reflects the qualifications of a scientist in a scientific field. There are two types of degrees:
- PhD.
- Ph.D.
An academic degree can be awarded only if there is a dissertation (candidate's and doctoral, respectively), which must be written during postgraduate or doctoral studies. At the same time, the conditions must be met that confirm the active scientific activity of the candidate for the degree and the approbation of his work. These include the publication of scientific articles in special journals and participation in scientific conferences, including foreign ones. 
In addition, the awarding of an academic degree is preceded by the process of public defense of the written scientific work at a meeting of a specialized academic council, which is created at a higher educational institution. In the process of transition of education to the European level, the degree "Doctor of Philosophy" (Ph.D) is introduced, which is equal to the traditional "Candidate of Science".
Anyone with a higher education can enroll in graduate school and defend a Ph.D. thesis. But only an already established candidate of sciences can enter doctoral studies. At the same time, it is not at all necessary that the specialization of the candidate's and doctoral dissertations coincides. So, the first can be written in technical sciences, and the second in philosophical ones, or vice versa. Confirmation of the fulfillment of a huge and painstaking work, its recognition is carried out by obtaining an appropriate diploma.
The highest degree of professionalism and competence is considered to be a doctorate, but it is less common than a candidate of sciences. This is due to the increased requirements for the preparation and defense of doctoral dissertation work. In other words, it is much easier to write and defend a candidate's work than a doctoral one. Therefore, not all scientists, having received the opportunity to work at a university, decide to write a doctoral dissertation. But those who made up their mind and successfully coped with this task receive many privileges. These include obtaining a higher position in an educational institution, securing a place of work, receiving a salary increase, the opportunity to lead leadership positions and participate in meetings of specialized candidate or doctoral dissertation councils, not to mention the status and respect that doctors of sciences are surrounded by.
Types of academic titles
After the fulfillment of certain conditions related to scientific activity, in the presence of a certain experience, the teacher is assigned one of the ranks:
- Assistant professor.
- Professor.
The title of associate professor can be obtained by an accomplished candidate of sciences who is actively engaged in scientific activities after defending a dissertation, publishes his scientific articles in specialized journals, methodical literature, takes part in scientific conferences, and also has a certain teaching experience, of which one is an associate professor. From this it is clear that there is some confusion, since academic titles are consonant with some positions of scientific workers, so they will be discussed below.
The title of professor can be obtained by a doctor of sciences, who, like a candidate, is engaged in improving his qualifications, scientific works, their approbation, printing his textbooks and has deep knowledge in a particular field of science. It is desirable that the scientific work of the doctor of sciences be manifested in the leadership of graduate students. A prerequisite is also the presence of work experience, including the position of a professor. The supporting document is the certificate of conferring the corresponding academic titles.
The advantages of being a professor are closely related to those of obtaining a doctorate.
Job types
Teachers in higher educational institutions can work in the following positions:
- Assistant.
- Senior Lecturer.
- Assistant professor.
- Professor.
The assistants are young scientists who do not have a scientific degree, graduate students who are writing a Ph.D. thesis, or applicants after defending it.
The position of a senior teacher can be held by a candidate of sciences without work experience and scientific advances... After fulfilling these conditions, the candidate of sciences has the right to hold the position of associate professor, without having this title! And only after working as an associate professor for a certain period, having written the required number of scientific papers at this time, the candidate of sciences receives the title of associate professor.
In this case, the assistant professor works in the same position. At the same time, he has the right to hold the position of professor, has a certain scientific experience and merit in scientific research. Doctor of Science always holds the position of professor, even if he has not yet received such a title.
From the information provided, it follows that the concepts under consideration are closely related to each other and obtaining the latter directly depends on the diploma, confirming the degree. But there are still differences between them: a necessary circumstance for the awarding of an academic degree is a dissertation work, and titles are the assignment of an academic degree. That is, in order to obtain an academic title, it is also necessary to write and defend a thesis.
Academic degrees
Degrees awarded in different countries vary significantly in title, qualification requirements, awarding and / or approval procedures.
To obtain the degree of candidate or doctor of science, it is necessary to prepare a dissertation and defend it at a meeting of a dissertation council created at a university, research institute or other scientific institution. To defend a dissertation for a doctorate degree, it is currently necessary to have a Ph.D. degree, the defense of a dissertation for a doctorate degree by persons who do not have a candidate's degree, in accordance with the current "Regulations on the procedure for awarding academic degrees", is not provided. It should be noted that in this case, the correspondence or kinship of the branches of science and specialties previously obtained (sequentially) higher education, the degree of candidate of science and the degree of doctor of science is actually not regulated in any way, except for cases of obtaining academic degrees in medical and veterinary sciences, which are possible only if applicant for higher medical (veterinary) education. In fact, in practice, the cases of obtaining a higher degree in a branch of science and a specialty unrelated to the existing one are recognized as quite admissible and in no way are the VAKs. mathematical sciences, etc.
In parallel, there are similar degrees of Doctor of Law, Theology, etc., awarded by an accredited higher education institution. Doctorate in Law (DL), Medicine (DM), Business Administration (DBA), etc., are considered in many countries to be part of a professional rather than an academic / research doctoral system, meaning that the holder of such a degree is usually , practical activity, not science. Obtaining such degrees also does not require performing independent scientific research, so a professional doctorate is usually not considered an academic degree. Whether a degree is classified as a professional or research doctorate depends on the country and even on the specific university; for example, in the USA and Canada, the medical degree is professional, and in the UK, Ireland and many countries of the British Commonwealth, it is research. A number of UK universities (including Oxford and Cambridge) even include a doctorate in medicine (an approximate analogue of a doctorate in Russia), which requires significant contributions to medical science.
Academic titles
In Russia, academic titles are currently divided into the titles of associate professor (or professor) by specialty and by department... Since 2011, academic titles both in the department and in the specialty are awarded by orders of the Minister of Education and Science on the proposal of the Higher Attestation Commission. The qualification requirements for applicants for academic degrees in the department and in the specialty are somewhat different, for example, in order to be presented for the academic title of professor in the department, it is necessary to be the author (co-author) of textbooks or teaching aids, which is not required for the title of professor in the specialty. But a professor in his specialty needs a greater number of persons who have defended Ph.D. theses under his supervision: for a professor in a department - as a rule, at least two, for a professor in a specialty - as a rule, at least five.
In addition, the requirements differ within each category (professor in the department, associate professor in the department, professor in the specialty, associate professor in the specialty). So, it is allowed to assign the academic title of professor in the department to persons who have an academic degree of candidate of sciences, and an associate professor to persons who do not have an academic degree, but the requirements for them are much stricter than for applicants who have an academic degree of doctor and candidate of sciences, respectively. Special requirements are imposed on applicants for an academic title who are workers of culture and art and have the corresponding honorary titles (People's Artist, Honored Artist, etc.), as well as physical culture and sports workers who have the title of Honored Trainer. In addition, it is allowed to assign the academic title of professor in the department to major specialists who have received international or Russian recognition in the relevant field of knowledge.
According to the current system in Russia and Belarus, in order to obtain the academic title of professor, it is not necessary to have the academic title of associate professor.
Previous degrees and titles
The academic title of senior researcher is currently not awarded in the Russian Federation; it is equated to the title of associate professor in the specialty. Previously (as well as now in Ukraine and in some other post-Soviet states) the title of senior researcher was assigned to employees of research institutes, and the qualification requirements for applicants for this title did not include teaching work in universities, in contrast to the title of associate professor.
Until the 1950s. in the USSR there was the academic title of "senior laboratory assistant".
Before the revolution, the scientific and educational system of Russia had academic degrees of a real student, candidate (more precisely, a candidate of the university), master and doctor, academic titles of adjunct, assistant professor, associate professor, adjunct professor, extraordinary professor, ordinary professor, honored professor. This entire hierarchy was completely abolished in 1918 (although some of the listed degrees and titles were abolished in the 19th century). Degrees in Russian Empire gave the right to receive ranks of a certain class (see Table of Ranks).
Position of Bachelor's and Master's Degrees in Russia
Before the implementation of the Bologna Recommendations, bachelor's and master's degrees in Russia do not refer to academic degrees, but to qualifications (degrees) of graduates of educational institutions of higher professional education.
Nomenclature of academic degrees
Depending on the specialty in which the thesis is defended, the applicant is awarded one of the academic degrees.
Honorary degree
An honorary doctorate degree (Honor Doctor or Honor degree or Doctor honoris causa) is issued by universities, academies or the Ministry of Education without taking a course and without taking into account the mandatory requirements (for publications, defense, etc.), but who have achieved great success in business and who have gained fame in any area of knowledge (artists, law, religious figures, businessmen, writers and poets, artists, etc.). Such people are involved in teaching and lecture at the best universities in many countries of the world. An honorary doctorate diploma is not awarded in medicine.
An honorary degree can be awarded and removed.
Non-governmental organizations
Religious organizations can award degrees of candidate (doctor) of theological sciences (or theology), confer titles of professor and associate professor, etc. Other non-governmental organizations can also confer various academic degrees and titles, up to academician (see. Non-state academies). However, all these degrees and titles are not legally such in Russia and do not give their holders the rights provided for by the laws of the Russian Federation.
Contemporary debates
Currently, there is a discussion about the possibility of transferring the scientific and qualification powers of the Higher Attestation Commission to the academic councils of universities and research institutes (including non-state ones), as is done in many Western countries. Opponents of such a transfer express an opinion about the inevitable devaluation of the system of academic degrees and titles as a result of the loss of state control over the certification of scientific and scientific-pedagogical personnel.
Notes (edit)
Related links
- Website of the Higher Attestation Commission of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation
- Baleevskikh L.S., Muranov A.I. Domestic history of normative regulation of nomenclatures of specialties of scientific workers in relation to jurisprudence // Jurisprudence... - 2008. - No. 5. - S. 243-259.
| Qualifications, degrees and titles in science and education | |
|---|---|
| University graduates | |
In the Russian Federation, academic degrees are established - doctors and candidates of sciences and academic titles - professor and associate professor in the specialty, professor and associate professor in the department (see the Unified Register of Academic Degrees and Academic Titles). The regulation determines the procedure for awarding academic degrees, including determining the criteria to be met by dissertations, the procedure for the work of the dissertation council and the consideration of dissertations in the Higher Attestation Commission, making a decision on the nostrification of academic degrees, the procedure for deprivation (restoration) of academic degrees, and other questions - see .:
List of candidate exam programs in history and philosophy of science, foreign language and special disciplines. Appendix to the Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated October 8, 2007 No. 274
About candidate exams. Letter of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated July 12, 2011 No.SI-754/04
On the placement of announcements about the defense and files of thesis abstracts on the Internet. Letter from the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated September 8, 2011
On the placement of announcements for the defense and abstracts of doctoral and master's theses. Information message of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation of November 24, 2011 No.
By order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, two instructions were approved - the Instruction on the procedure for submitting materials for the creation of new, changing the existing dissertation councils in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and the Instruction on the procedure for submitting military personnel and civilian personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation to the assignment of academic ranks - see:
On the awarding of academic degrees and the awarding of academic titles to military personnel and civilian personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation of February 12, 2004 No. 44
Deferral for graduate students from military service
Letter of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated April 18, 2011 No. 04-258<По вопросу предоставления отсрочки от призыва на военную службу на время обучения в очной аспирантуре>
Nomenclature of specialties of scientific workers
Until December 31, 2009, the councils for the defense of doctoral and master's theses must be brought in line with the Nomenclature of specialties of scientific workers:
Nomenclature of specialties of scientific workers. Approved by the Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation of February 25, 2009 No. 59
Salaries and surcharges (allowances) for titles and degrees
In the budgetary sphere and in state institutions, as well as for military personnel, salaries and additional payments (allowances) for academic degrees and titles have been established:
On the establishment of salaries for the titles of full members and corresponding members of state academies of sciences. Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 22, 2008 No. 386
On the amount of monthly additional payments for academic degrees to civilian personnel of budgetary institutions (organizations) of science of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and military educational institutions of higher professional education of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and the duration of annual paid vacations for scientific workers of budgetary institutions (organizations) of science of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation with a scientific degree . Order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation of April 16, 2003 No. 120
On the establishment of allowances for an academic degree and (or) academic rank for employees of some federal executive bodies and servicemen doing military service under contract. Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 2, 2006 No. 343
Expired:
On the establishment of an allowance (additional payment) for an academic degree for certain categories of military personnel doing military service under contract, and employees of the internal affairs bodies. Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation of April 1, 2004 No. 211. - The document became invalid due to the publication of the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 31.01.2012 No. 60
On the establishment of salaries for the titles of full members and corresponding members Russian Academy Sciences, the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the Russian Academy of Education, the Russian Academy of Arts and the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences, and additional payments for academic degrees of Doctor of Science and Candidate of Science. Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 6, 1994 No. 807. - The document became invalid due to the publication of the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 29, 2014 No. 245
You will find the answer to these and other questions in our article.
Academic degree or academic title? We suggest you understand the specifics of these terms.
Academic degree
An academic degree is the qualification level of a representative of the scientific field, assigned to him after completing training in special programs (approved by the Higher Attestation Commission. In our country, two academic degrees are now established - candidate of science and doctor of science.
To become a candidate of sciences, you must pass, publish scientific articles in journals peer-reviewed by the Higher Attestation Commission and defend a thesis.
To become a Doctor of Science, you must have a Ph.D. degree, defend scientific work(doctoral dissertation). The main scientific results of a doctoral dissertation should also be published in leading peer-reviewed scientific journals and publications from the VAK list. Patents for inventions are also equal to published results.
You can familiarize yourself with the procedure for awarding academic degrees in the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated September 24, 2013 No. 842 "On the procedure for awarding academic degrees."
Academic title
Associate Professor's Certificate 1952
1955 Associate Professor's Certificate
1990 Associate Professor's Certificate
Associate Professor's Certificate 1993
Associate Professor's Certificate 2013
Making a conclusion, it can be noted that the main difference between a degree and a title is that the degree is awarded as a result of training and defense of a thesis, while the title is awarded as a result of achievements in labor (pedagogical and scientific) activities at a university or scientific institution.
And it can also be noted that, as a rule, a candidate of sciences becomes an associate professor, a doctor of sciences becomes a professor.
We remind you that there is an opportunity to get a degree without postgraduate studies (doctoral studies): by attaching to an organization for passing exams (Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (Ministry of Education and Science of Russia) dated March 28, 2014 N 247, Moscow "On the approval of the Procedure attachment of persons for passing candidate exams, passing candidate exams and their list. " applicant academic degree.
What is the competition for the degree of candidate (doctor) of sciences?
Competition is a form of training for researchers, which means independent research activities when writing a dissertation work, after the completion of which, the applicant has every right to apply for a Ph.D. degree.
Often, applicants are employees of a university (or research institution). Applicants do not need to pass entrance exams to be attached to an organization, but they are required to undergo annual certification at the department (this does not differ from graduate students for applicants).
Therefore, if you have chosen the path of a scientist and want to devote yourself to science and education of young scientists, as a professor, start your career with a PhD. Today there are enough specialties for anyone to be able to realize themselves as a scientist in a particular field (of course, not without difficulty).
At present, it is customary in Russia to distinguish 26 groups of specialties.
Physics and mathematics (01.00.00)
Chemical Sciences (02.00.00)
Biological Sciences (03.00.00)
Engineering Sciences (05.00.00)
Agricultural Sciences (06.00.00)
Historical Sciences (07.00.00)
Economic Sciences (08.00.00)
Philosophical Sciences (09.00.00)
Philological Sciences (10.00.00)
Legal Sciences (12.00.00)
Pedagogical Sciences (13.00.00)
Medical Sciences (14.00.00)
Pharmaceutical Sciences (15.00.00)
Veterinary Sciences (16.00.00)
Art Criticism (17.00.00)
Architecture (18.00.00)
Psychological Sciences (19.00.00)
Sociological Sciences (22.00.00)
Political Sciences (23.00.00)
Culturology (24.00.00)
Geosciences (25.00.00)
Theology (26.00.00)
Each group is subdivided into smaller ones. For example, psychological sciences are divided into:
* 19.00.01 - general psychology, personality psychology, history of psychology;
* 19.00.04 - psychophysiology;
* 19.00.05 - social psychology;
* 19.00.07 - educational psychology;
* 19.00.10 - correctional psychology;
* 19.00.13 - developmental psychology, acmeology.
You can also familiarize yourself with passports of scientific specialties.
How to correctly translate "candidate of sciences", "doctor of sciences" into English?
This issue is fraught with a number of disagreements. Let's figure it out. Basically, disputes arise due to the fact that there are no exact analogs in English-speaking countries: someone equates a candidate of science degree with a master's degree (Master), someone - a doctor (PhD).
The Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation proposes the following procedure for the correspondence of Russian academic degrees to foreign counterparts:
Doctoral degrees
In countries with a two-tier system of doctoral degrees, the degree of Kandidat Nauk should be considered for recognition at the level of the first doctoral degree.
In countries with only one doctoral degree, the degree of Kandidat Nauk should be considered for recognition as equivalent to this degree.
In countries with a two-tier system of doctoral degrees, the degree of Doktor Nauk should be considered for recognition at the level of the second doctoral degree.
In countries in which only one doctoral degree exists, the degree of Doktor Nauk should be considered for recognition at the level of this degree.
Translation of scientific degrees:
Candidate of Sciences
Doctor of Sciences Doctor of Sciences
Candidate of Architecture
Candidate of Biological Sciences (Ph.D.) Candidate of Biological Sciences
Candidate of Veterinary Sciences
Candidate of Military Sciences
Candidate of Geographic Sciences (Ph.D.) Candidate of Geographic Sciences
Candidate of Geologo-Mineralogical Sciences
Candidate of Art Criticism
Candidate of Historical Sciences
Candidate of Culturology
Candidate of Medical Sciences (Ph.D.) Candidate of Medical Sciences
Candidate of Pedagogic Sciences
Candidate of Political Sciences (Ph.D.) Candidate of Political Sciences
Candidate of Psychological Sciences (Candidate of Psychological Sciences) Candidate of Psychological Sciences
Candidate of Agricultural Sciences (Candidate of Agricultural Sciences)
Candidate of Sociological Sciences (Ph.D.) Candidate of Sociological Sciences
Candidate of Engineering Sciences (Ph.D.) Candidate of Engineering Sciences
Candidate of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Ph.D.) Candidate of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Candidate of Physico-Mathematical Sciences
Candidate of Philological Sciences (Ph.D.) Candidate of Philological Sciences
Candidate of Philosophical Sciences
Candidate of Chemical Sciences
Candidate of Economic Sciences
Candidate of Juridical Sciences
When translating the degree of Doctor of Science, it is necessary to replace the word Candidate with the word Doctor.
In less formal cases, for example, on business cards, it is allowed to indicate a PhD or other foreign equivalent, understandable to a native speaker.
Registration and issuance of diplomas of candidate and doctor of sciences
If your path to obtaining a degree ends successfully, then according to the order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation of March 4, 2014 N 157 "On Approval of the Procedure for Registration and Issuance of Diplomas of Doctor of Science and Candidate of Science", you must be given a diploma of candidate (doctor) of sciences.
The basis for the issuance of a diploma is an order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia. This order is posted on the official website of the Higher Attestation Commission under the Ministry within 10 days from the date of its registration.
Diplomas (their duplicates) are issued within two months from the date of publication of the orders of the Ministry.
A PhD diploma is signed not by the Minister, but by the head of the organization where the dissertation was defended. The diploma of the doctor of sciences, as before, is certified by the head of the department or his deputy.
You can find detailed information on orders for the issuance of diplomas, certificates and certificates on the VAK website.
Sample of the diploma of the candidate of medical sciences 2009
Sample Diploma of Candidate of Technical Sciences 1990
Sample of the diploma of the candidate of pedagogical sciences 1956
